Ordinary Men essays

Customary Men articles Book Review - Ordinary Men by Christopher R. Sautéing In Ordinary Men, Christopher Browning endeavors to respond to two inquiries regarding the Holocaust in Poland; how the Nazis sorted out and completed the obliteration of Poland's Jewish populace, and where they found the labor important to do their abhorrence. Carmelizing puts together his book with respect to the declarations of the men of Reserve Police Battalion 101, which was a unit of the German Order Police. These declarations originate from the German government's examination of Nazi atrocities, and were given in the 1960's. Customary Men gives a realistic depiction of Police Battalion 101's inclusion in the Holocaust. The significant focal point of the book endless supply of the occasions this gathering of men took an interest in. Searing uses direct declarations to portray the fierceness these men caused upon the Polish Jews. He recreates and sums up their exercises in Poland during the war, from shooting honest men, ladies, and kids to getting out the ghettos everything being equal and guaranteeing they board trains to inhumane imprisonments. Carmelizing endeavors to make sense of how a gathering of Common Men could become mass killers. To pick up understanding into this inquiry, Browning explored the foundation of these men. Is it safe to say that they were exceptionally chosen or prepared? Is it safe to say that they were of unrivaled mind? What Browning finds is that these men were in truth customary. They were generally moderately aged, common laborers men with almost no propelled tutoring. Most w ere mature enough to have grown up before the ascent of Fascism, and knew totally well the ethical standards of German culture before the Nazis. Practically none of these men got any kind of unique preparing. Cooking eventually infers that if an individual from this gathering would not slaughter he was denying a lot of an unsavory aggregate commitment. The individuals who didn't slaughter gambled separation, dismissal, and exclusion. This was an exceptionally horrible aces... <! Customary Men papers One of the most crushing and alarming timespans of our history was during the Second World War, when somewhere in the range of five and 6,000,000 Jewish regular citizens were killed all through Europe in a mass slaughter. A huge segment of the Jews were executed by the Nazis under Hitlers system. In any case, thousands a greater amount of them were additionally executed by the German Reserve Police Battalion 101. The individuals from the hold police were moderately aged men who were not compelled to murder the numerous vulnerable residents who had passed on. They were parted with the alternative to step, and decline to participate in such ruthless acts without being punished. Be that as it may, just a little fifteen to twenty percent of these men acknowledged the decision given to them, while a critical dominant part were before long going to be an enormous piece of one of the most upsetting times ever; the Holocaust. Since the finish of this frightful timeframe, numerous inquiries have been raised concerning why a large portion of the German men in the save police partook, when they were given the alternative not to. The thoughts of compliance to power and congruity were concentrated by the social researcher, Stanley Milgram. Close to the finish of the Holocaust, Milgram turned out to be keen on these two ideas and their connection to the German interest in the killings of Jewish respectable. Milgram tried the people capacity to oppose authority that was not supported by any outer coercive danger (Browning172). The consequences of the tests compared with what Milgram felt was the reason for the numerous men who concurred with specialists. When leading arrangement of tests with moderately aged men to watch their activities corresponding to submission to power, 66% of Milgrams subjects were dutiful to the point of exacting extraordinary torment (Browning172). He performed different tests also which indicated proof that the men (the subjects) were impacted incredibly by their companions. This sugg... <!

The Taming of the Shrew In Petruchios Trash Essay Example

The Taming of the Shrew: In Petruchios Trash Essay In The Taming of the Shrew, Petruchio is one of the principle characters and helpers in the progression of the plot. He is the thing that some would call the male rendition of a gold digger; somebody hoping to wed exclusively for monetary profit as opposed to concentrating on what most search for-science (or fascination), ethics, generally character, and, above all, affection. From this snippet of data alone, Petruchios character and convictions are uncovered unmistakably as we can deduce that he is just searching for a certain something. His longing for cash is his main goal, regardless of whether it joins a blessed messenger, or, for this situation, a shrew.After learning of Petruchios idiosyncrasy, it ought to be of nothing unexpected to learn of the lengths he would go to get what he needs. It is simple, for this situation, to find the things that would be found be found in Petruchios refuse. Beginning where it counts in Petruchios junk can, one can locate an old paper promotion, explicitly an individual advertisement, for one in all honesty Petruchio. This individual promotion incorporates the title Wanted: Rich Woman Ready to Marry.Based on the title, there is no uncertainty that there werent numerous reactions to Petruchios notice. We will compose a custom article test on The Taming of the Shrew: In Petruchios Trash explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Taming of the Shrew: In Petruchios Trash explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Taming of the Shrew: In Petruchios Trash explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This demonstrates the hypothesis that poor Petruchio would put forth an admirable attempt to discover riches despite the fact that it is an incredible disgrace that he ought to need to venture to such an extreme as to depend on utilizing a paper advertisement. Nonetheless, this ad was found in a paper was found in a paper from Verona. This could imply that after Petruchios ineffective endeavor to discover riches through a paper, he was headed toward Padua where, by chance, he met Katherina.Petruchio more likely than not purchased this next thing after he met Katherina since it is a self improvement guide relevantly entitled My Future Wife Wears the Pants in our Relationship: A Guide for Men Trying to Secure the Pants Before Marriage. There is definitely no chance that Petruchio would have purchased this book while in Verona, as his attitude was to locate a rich lady of any kind. In the wake of learning of Katherinas character-inconsiderate, cranky, boisterous, astute, fierce, restless, and some more is anyone shocked with regards to why Petruchio would buy a thing as this? It appears that not exclusively is Petruchio in incredible need of cash, yet additionally control and authority. On the off chance that the title of this book is any sign of Petruchios resolution, there is no uncertainty left to guarantee the he is a quitter.The self improvement guide tossed in Petruchios trash may have been tossed there following various bits of broken dishes, uneaten and consumed meat, and different bits of fabric, just as materials utilized for masks. It is written in Act IIII, Scene I III what Petruchio does so as to in the long run tame Kate. His strategies fluctuate from starving Kate to giving her no bit of brain. These things end up in Petruchios trash on the grounds that subsequent to restraining Kate, he had no utilization for them any longer. Sadly, numerous things were yielded and squandered so as to finish Petruchios scheme.Finally, one of the last things that one can discover in Petruchios trash can is an old, folded piece paper. This isn't only any old paper, however a significant rundown. This rundown is one which laid out Petruchios plans for with the share he would get subsequent to wedding a rich lady. After Petruchio weds Katherina, we can see inconspicuous changes in Petruchios character. The unobtrusive changes that we see in Petruchios character assist us with understanding that not exclusively is Petruchio indifferent about getting rich, he is experiencing passionate feelings for Katherina.By discarding this rundown, Petruchio can wholeheartedly broadcast that he isnt in it for the cash. The things found when one sneaks through Petruchios trash ought to be nothing unexpected by any stretch of the imagination. Truly, the things found in Petruchios trash would not be found in most male love birds trash, however the assemblage of these things is the thing that makes PetruchioPetruchio.

American Revolution Lesson Introducing Claims in Argumentative Writing

American Revolution Lesson Introducing Claims in Argumentative Writing (1) This is the second  in a series of lessons that teach research and writing skills around the topic of the American Revolution. Also, dont forget to have students  cite their sources in  MLA format, APA format, or  Chicago style. Overview In this lesson, you will learn how to introduce precise, knowledgeable claims and to establish their significance. Claims in Argumentative Writing Argumentative writing is based on a claim. A claim states your position on a topic. It is an arguable statement that is supported by evidence. There can be many different types of claims: Claims of fact: whether or not something is true Claims of cause and effect: whether or not an event led to an event that followed it Claims of value: whether or not something is good Claims of policy: whether one course of action is better than another Writing Claims Your goal is to write a precise, knowledgeable claim. In other words, you want to craft a position statement that makes an argument, introduces your reasoning, and describes exactly what you will say in your essay. How to Write Claims You want to make your claim as focused, or precise, as possible. Claims must be debatable as well. Do this by: Telling your reader your answer to a  question Introducing your reasons Telling your reader the categories of evidence you will discuss Arguing a position with which others may reasonably disagree. In argumentative writing, claims take on the role of thesis statements. For example,  The American Revolution was a world war because…is the beginning of a thesis statement. Why is Your Claim Significant? Your claim needs to answer the question “So what?” You can do this by explaining the  significance.  Significance is important because it goes beyond the statement of facts; significance indicates how your argument fits into a larger debate. As a writer, you want to make sure your claims are provocative and interesting. The significance statement implies a “because” with an opinion to back it up. Claims Significance: Example For example, a claim about the American Revolution being a world war could indicate significance by stating “this was the only war of its type in history,” or, “without the involvement of other nations, the Americans would not have won.” Either statement positions your argument within a bigger historical conversation. Historical Claim Example Read the claim: Different countries fought with the American during the Revolution and this is what made it a world war. Then, listen to the clip below: Here is an example of a claim that answers the question: Can the American Revolution be considered a world war? Think about what could be done to strengthen the claim. Historical Claim Example Listen to the clip below: Here is an example of a revised claim to answer the question, Can the American Revolution be considered a world war? The American Revolution became a world war when France, Spain and the Netherlands allied and fought with the United States in North America, the Caribbean, Europe and elsewhere during the Revolution, forcing the British to agree to American independence. The presence of multiple foreign allies and a global theater for the conflict, the American Revolution became a world war. Conclusion In this lesson, you learned how to write precise and significant claims.

Exports/Imports Logistics and Legislation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2787 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Logistics Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Exports/Imports Logistics and Legislation Contents Report 1: Logistics supply chain 1.1NewZealand Wooden product 1.2Destination Country (China) 1.3 Supply chain Logistics 1.4 Warehousing and Distribution 1.5 Freight Forwarders and customs 1.6 Physical Distribution Services 1.7 Product Finishing Operations 1.8 Freight and delivery option Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Exports/Imports Logistics and Legislation" essay for you Create order Report 2 Regulation of destination country regarding specific transport packaging and labelling of goods Report 3: Essential components of the export contract 3.1 Headings 3.2 Names and addresses of both the parties 3.3 Representation 3.4 Product, standards and specifications 3.5 Quantity/Quality 3.6 Inspection 3.7 Terms of delivery 3.8 Terms of payment, and amount 3.9 Taxes, duties and charges 3.10 Period of delivery and shipment 3.11 Licenses and permits 3.12 Insurance 3.13 Product Guarantee 3.14 Applicable law 3.15 Minimum orders 3.16 Signature of the parties References: Report 1: Logistics supply chain Supply chain management(SCM) is the management of the flow of goods. It includes the movement and storage ofraw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. What is Supply Chain? Supplier Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer New Zealand Forest Product Exports Introduction of product Our success is not a matter of luck. We have combined hard work and high quality to build a world ranking company. New Zealand is a great place to grow trees and produce timber. The climate is mild, we get plenty of sun, plenty of rain and we enjoy long growing seasons that are uninterrupted by cold winters. At Southern Cross Lumber we have grown by building a reputation for supplying consistently high quality product. Our customers know and trust our integrity when it comes to doing business and so we enjoy a great deal of customer loyalty. From our base in New Zealand we are able to supply customers throughout the world. We have a dedicated team of professionals whose role in life is to help satisfy your needs. We are driven by a passion to supply quality product to all our customers. NZ Wood is a major promotional and development programme to promote New Zealand forests and wood resources to improve our economy, society and our whole way of life. It was launched in 2008.The forestry and wood industry is New Zealandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s third largest industry, contributing an enormous amount to our economy and making up over 12% of New Zealandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s export earnings. Public interest in climate change and the environment has never been higher which makes it a great time to highlight to all New Zealanders the benefits of growing forests and using wood. Growing forests absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and by choosing wood over other products we reduce the amount of CO2 emissions. Forests and wood fight global climate change. New Zealandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s forest products exports have grown considerably over the past 2 decades, from less than 1 billion USD in 1990 to nearly 3 billion USD in 2010.Major export Items include logs, lumber, paper/paperboard, chemical pulp and MDF. 1.2 Destination country (China) China is New Zealands second-largest trading partner, as well as a major source of migrants, students and tourists. In 2008, New Zealand became the first and only OECD country to conclude a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with China. Since the signing of the FTA, New Zealands exports to China have grown significantly, from NZ$2.3 billion (2008) to NZ$6.7 billion (2012). Dairy products account for over a third of all exports to China, with other key exports being wood, wool, seafood and meat. The export profile is diversifying, with machinery, aluminium, plastics, wine and high technology products (especially telecommunications) featuring in New Zealands non-agricultural exports to China. New Zealands largest imports from China include electronics, clothing, furniture and toys. 1.3 Supply chain Logistics The supply chain incorporates all aspects of moving material from the vendor through the manufacturing process to the final customer. The supply chain focuses on vendors, manufacturers, intermediaries, logistical services and the customer.Supply Chain and Logistics Technology is m anaging (planning and executing) the flow of materials, their transformation into finished goods, and their ultimate delivery as finished goods to the final buyer. Global business is becoming ever more reliant on logistics and supply chain management in order to keep pace with the demands of an increasingly global economy. This is why business leaders acknowledge that the supply chain can be a value creator and a source of competitive advantage. As the global supply chain becomes more complex with every passing year, companies must adapt to this change and incorporate them into their supply chain strategies. This change could mean using vendors from developing nations or exporting goods to new markets. Overall, changes are aimed at delivering greater benefits for both Fonterra and our Vendors. This includes more efficient Management of critical activities such as ordering, planning and managing inventory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and processing of payments! The changes will only invo lve our ANZ business units. 1.4 Warehousing and Distribution To achieve consistency of quality and supply our processing facilities are amongst the best New Zealand has to offer. By controlling the process every step of the way from the arrival of fresh cut longs through to shipping as high quality timber products we guarantee your satisfaction. We are so proud of our facilities that we encourage and welcome customers to visit us in New Zealand and see for yourself that our service and products are second to none. 1.5 Freight Forwardersand customs The freight forwarder is concerned with organizing transportation for companies. Their primary task is to combine smaller shipments to create a single large shipment to minimize the shipping costs. Companies using a freight forwarder will benefit as they are charged a much smaller shipping cost than if they had shipped their product independently. The freight forwarder provides other services which are beneficial to the exp orting company. The services include documentation, payment and carrier selection. International freight forwarders handle both direct and consolidated shipments. Services of an International Freight Forwarder Freight forwarders facilitate shipments by air, vessel or other common carrier. Their services may include, but are not limited to: Ordering cargo to the port of export Preparing export declarations Booking, arranging for and confirming cargo space Preparing delivery orders or dock receipts Preparing ocean bills of lading Preparing consular documents or arranging for their certification Preparing and processing letters of credit Arranging for warehouse storage Clearing shipments in accordance with U.S. government export regulations Preparing and sending advance notifications of shipments or other documents to banks, shippers, consignees or agents as needed Handling freight or other monies advanced by shippers Remitting or advancing freight, monies or credit in connection with the dispatching of shipments Southern cross lumber ltd. has join the World Customs Organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Private Sector Consultative Group (PSCG). Our experience in shipping worldwide allows us to offer you a complete service, this means we take care of all the paper work. This means you know that dealing with us means you will have no stress, no hassle and no worries (no worries is a kiwi expression meaning everything is good) We have stocks of timber waiting to be shipped, this means that we can fulfill your order and start the transport process almost immediately. The time it will take to get to you does depend on your location, however to give you an idea we normally supply within the following timescales. USA West coast 3 weeks USA East Coast à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 6 weeks by sea (4 weeks by sea/land) China 3 weeks UK Europe à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 8 weeks 1.6 Physical Distribution Services Export distribution involves the physical act of moving products and is an integral part of intern ational trade. Companies of all sizes should become familiar with the distribution systems between the origin manufacturing location and the targeted markets. While many aspects of international marketing allow an exporter to be creative and unique, there is little room for error in export mechanics. The role of service providers in international logistics and transportation cannot be underestimated. It is best to leave this process to the experts, who make their living by learning the most efficient and ethical transportation methods available. Numerous variables impact shipment logistics and distribution. Transportation modes impact the total cost of the goods, which may fluctuate between nations in regards to requirements on packaging, labeling, transit times, perishability, and damage or loss of cargo. Mistakes in this process lead to increased labor costs. Many hours of work can go into solving problems that could have been avoided by taking the time to learn the process in the first place. 1.7 Product Finishing Operations All the timber treatments we offer are designed to preserve the timber in the use to which it is being put. All treatments are safe and we pride ourselves on being environmentally friendly. We can offer a wide variety of treatments including H1,H2,H3,H4,H5 and LOSP. We not only offer cca treatments but we can also provide Pre-Priming in a large variety of colours. All timber is Inspected for quality Correctly dried at 8-12% Checked for measurement tolerance Knot free and clean 1.8 Freight and delivery option All our timber is packaged and shipped within containers that ensure that the moisture content and quality of the product remain at optimum levels. All wood is inspected manually whilst shipping and in this way we retain quality.Banded together to prevent movement and damage during transit, you can be assured that every piece of lumber you receive will be usable. No mess, no fuss, no waste. New Zealands ports are in operation 365 days per year and we have constant shipments being exported to the USA, Asia and Europe. As a global business we understand the process of shipping around the world. For this reason we offer a complete service. We are able to offer a to your door service that removes the need to do any of the paperwork yourself, we do it all. Report 2 Regulation of destination country regarding specific transport packaging and labelling of goods Packaging is used to protect our product, minimize damage and plays an important role throughout lifecycle of the product. it protects the product from the atmosphere, micro-organisms and pests from the time of packing until it is consumed and it also the first perception the customer has of the product. This requires packaging to be both functional and aesthetically pleasing. Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Importation Requirements for Wooden Packaging Materials With an increasing number of factories moving to China, importation of cargoes into China is becoming more common. What follows are some useful tipsfor Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s importation requirements for wooden packaging materials. In order to fulfill the requirements for importing into China, Mr. Chan has sent his cargo packed in wooden crates for fumigation and has obtained a fumigation certificate from the fumigation company. After that, Mr. Chan sent all relevant documents together with the fumigation certificate t o the corresponding department of the Chinese government for approval of importation. Quite beyond Mr. Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s expectations, it took 3 months for him to get the approval needed to import his cargo into China as the IPPC stamps were incorrectly applied to the wooden packaging materials by the fumigation company. The Chinese government will check the details of the fumigation certificate for each importation. According to Notice No. 84 issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) of China on 1stJanuary 2006, the importation requirements for wooden packaging materials include:  ·All wooden materials which make up a shipping package must be fumigated / treated according to the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) by the agents whom are certified by the government of the country from which the goods were exported  ·IPPC stamps should be placed on the wooden materials / packaging materials by the above-mentioned agents  ·The treatment and the stamps should also conform to AQSIQ requirements Report 3: Essential components of the export contract A contract is an agreement that creates an obligation that is a binding, legally enforceable agreement between two or morecompetent parties.A contract can be worked out either by the seller or the buyer, and it is called a sales contract or purchase contract respectively. But it is difficult to draw up a comprehensive contract that can be standardized for all export transaction. However, the exporter and importer should be aware of certain minimum general requirements when drawing up an export sales contract. From a more practical perspective, a contract may be summarized in the following fourbasic points: It is anagreement, generally in writing,between two ormore parties. It contains rights and obligations. The contract document establishes the rules that are to be followed by the parties. It servesto regulate business relations It is generally for a specifcperiod of time. Content of a contract 3.1 Headings This is thetitle of thecontract; for example: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Sales Agreementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Distributorship Agreementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Brokerage Agreementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , etc. Our Contracts heading is Export Contract. 3.2 Names and addresses of both the parties This content identifies anddescribes the parties, i.e. the persons and/or companies signingthe contract. The parties to the contract should be clearly stated. For example: Exporterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s address: Southern Cross lumber co.ltd 45 Bryant road Te Rapa Hamilton 3200 Phone:078497056 Importerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s address: Anhui import and export co. ltd, 107 Science road Hefei, Anhui, China Phone: 0086-551-5338900 Fax: 0086-551-5338855 5338800 Website: https://www.aniec.com Ningbo cixi import and export corp ltd Sishan road 269,cixi,ningbo, Zhejiang Phone:0086-574-63886702 Fax:0086-574-63813763 E-mail:[email  protected]/* */ Website: https://www.cncie.com 3.3Representation: This clause follows immediately after the naming of the parties and states the attributes of the person, who appears to sign the contract, 3.4 Product, standards and specifications This content is about the product means which type of product we are going to export. It includes the product name. If there are any size in which the product is to be supplied; the applicable national or international standards and specifications are needed. For example Wood product (lumber) 3.5 Quantity/Quality This clause describes thetype of goods to be delivered, aswell as the quantity, size, weight, quality standards and other specifications. In this units of measures should be clearly specified. 3.6 Inspection This clause is about inspection of the product before exporting it to the market. There are some agencies that do this kind of inspection when product is ready to export from Manufacture Company. Therefore, the parties should clearly state the nature of the inspection process. 3.7 Terms of delivery Terms of delivery should be clearly specified in contract. It just determine the time required in which the goods are to be delivered. 3.8Terms of payment, and amount This clause determines the method of payment, the amount, the frequency and theplace where payment will be received for the transactions carried out. 3.9 Taxes, duties and charges Taxes charged applied under the common agricultural policy. If any, in the country of importation may be the buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responsibility. So it should be clearly defined. 3.10 Period of delivery and shipment It specifies the period in which the product is delivered to his destination i.e China. It also defines about the shipment. All shipping documents must be presented to customs officials by the importer or their agent upon the entry of goods into China. The following documents are mandatory: Customs Entry or Informal Clearance Document (ICD) Air waybill (AWB) or bill of lading (BLAD) Commercial invoice Packing list, and Other documents relating to the importation and requested by the importer. 3.11 Licenses and permits We have to disclose documents regarding to Export license and permit to export dairy product. Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Customs does not require companies or individuals to hold licenses to import goods. However, depending on the nature of the commodity, permits may be required to clear the goods. 3.12 Insurance A contract should provide for the insurance of goods against loss, damage or destruction during transportation. 3.13 Product Guarantee The length of the period of guarantee should be fixed. 3.14 Applicable law In this clause both parties have to disclose and agree with the law is going to applicable means if something goes wrong in trade then we have to define in the contract before trade that which countries law will apply. 3.15 Minimum orders: This clause may serve to compensate for the assignation of territory and the granting or not of exclusivity. It generally establishes an initial minimum order or the products of the principal/exporter. It may also determine subsequent minimum orders, which, ingeneral, will be submitted in a phased manner and in accordance with a reference schedule 3.16 Signature of the parties This is the last stage of contract where Exporter and Importer are agreed and sign with all above steps and they are responsible for any dispute in trade. Refrences: https://www.southerncrosslumber.co.nz/ https://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/exports/forests/standards/china.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China https://english.mofcom.gov.cn/ https://www.nzte.govt.nz/en/export/export-markets/greater-china/china/ https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/eng/document.jsp?did=125684cid=512oid=32 https://www.cncie.com/en/profile.asp

The Impact Of Interpersonal Skills On A New Age Of...

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Because of the ever-changing ways in which people use telecommunication, the average persons ability to develop interpersonal skills have been drastically influenced by the ways in which contributions are given, conflicts are handled, and how relationships are built over Facebook and Twitter. In this developing technological age where information flows freely and quickly due to a large increase of devices such as smart phones and portable tablets, the average person has never felt more connect to the unlimited access that social media networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. The Pew Internet Research Project states â€Å"67% of cell owners find themselves checking their phone for messages, alerts, or calls — evenShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : Future Of Nursing1521 Words   |  7 PagesThis includes improving access to quality health care, an objective of the Healthy People 2020. 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It has led to homogenization and convergence in organization strategies, structures and processes as well as in consumer choice. With accelerating globalization, organizations have had to change and new trends have set in evenRead MorePest Analysis of Telenor11594 Words   |  47 Pages Medical amp; Hospitalization 38 Mobile Connection and Handset Allowance 39 Mobile Connection for Family and Friends 39 Pick and Drop Service for Females 39 Provident Fund 39 Recognize Heroes at Work and In Life 39 Relocation 39 Retirement Age 40 Salary Increments and Salary Adjustments 40 Travel 40 Working Hours Normal Working Hours 40 Working on Holidays and Late Sittings Objective 40 Procedures and Rules 41 General Guidelines 41 Human Worth 41 Loyalty, impartiality and conflict

Effective Parenting Styles Free Essays

Effective Parenting Styles COM/150 Abstract The passion of people’s reactions to questioning parenting styles are just below the nukes of religion and politics in explosive potential. Here we discuss what the basic styles are and what styles most parents tend to fall. We will look at constructive and deconstructive parenting styles as well as see which option tends to be the best. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Parenting Styles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Where do you fall? Is that style the best your family or are you still seeking guidance? Effective Parenting Styles Although parenting is a never-ending debate, many parenting styles have been studied to find what elements are constructive and which are destructive. There are roughly four major parenting styles identified when researching effective parenting. Each parenting style can differ and change as children grow older, or change based on each individual child. These groups defined below have a major emotional impact and development impact on a child. Permissive Parenting Permissive parenting can come off to be more of a friend rather than a parent; these parents don’t often discipline their children. Parents who choose to parent their children this way rarely have control over their children and may be lacking self-discipline themselves. Although these parents are still very loving and nurturing to their children, this parenting style may be a bit too laid back to raise an obedient child with self-discipline. Authoritarian Parenting In the authoritarian style of parenting, the parents set strict rules for children to follow and set high demands that these rules are to be obeyed or they be punished end of story. The most common aspect of this authoritarian style of parenting, is the parent neglects to give the child reasoning to the rules they have set, â€Å"Because I’m the father that’s why† is the perfect example of this. Parents in this style don’t feel they need to have to explain reasoning to their children and often come across as an aggressor. Communication between parent and child is non-existent. Authoritative Parenting This parenting style has much in common with the authoritarian style of parenting. The authoritative style parenting is a bit more self-ruled and flexible for each disciplinary incident. The authoritative style has the same set rules and standards as authoritarian, but parents in this style are more expectable to reason with these children and dig deeper into the issue at hand and discuss a resolution then jump straight to discipline. This style does discipline and sticks to the rules, but has more of an emotional and nurturing way of dealing with the issue. Uninvolved Parenting Uninvolved parenting style is just that. Parents of these children have no receptiveness or awareness to their children’s behavior. These parents are disconnected from their children on most emotional levels and just fill the basic living demands of food, water, shelter, etc. There is low to none communication, discipline, or nurturing between parent and child. In some extreme cases, parents don’t even meet the child’s basic living demands. When it comes to parenting styles we find two major deconstructive styles out of the four listed above, uninvolved parenting and permissive parenting. Children raised with the permissive styles generally experience more problems with school, authority, and are found to have self-esteem issues. This child hasn’t had much authority from parents so they feel that they shouldn’t have to take any from anybody else including the law. This can majorly effect education if the child has no consequence for not finishing homework or sees no reason education and guidance are important to learn. The results of the uninvolved parenting style can lead to children being less competent in adult life, un-successful, have problems dealing with self-control, and also are found to have major self-esteem concerns. Children raised in these environments have little to no control over emotions and actions since proper guidance was never shown to them. These children learn and grow from what they know and seek acceptance from outside sources. Too often enough these children fall into gangs and drugs to seek this acceptance from these groups. Many of these children drop out of school at an early age and suffer from poor reading and writing skills. After reviewing the parenting style definitions above, the most logical and constructive parenting style seems to be the authoritative parent. Numerous studies have been taken on these four parenting styles and have concluded â€Å"Authoritive parenting styles tend to result in children who are happy, capable and successful† (Maccoby, 1992. These studies also show that the Authoritarian parenting styles â€Å"generally lead to children who are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower in happiness, social competence and self-esteem. † (Cherry,  n. d). Giving your children the extra attention and guidance while setting reasonable boundaries seems to be the best fit for parenting. Every parenting style varies. You may have a father who is authoritive, the mother is more permissive; the key to successful parenting is communication and balance as a family. Communicate with your children about why they did what they did. Guide them and show them how it can be done better the next time around, and most of all make sure to make to show your child love and acceptance. Punishment needs to happen like committed as consistency is also very important, but following through with rules and the punishment allows your child to grow and learn from the experience, and to avoid doing them again. Conclusion All children need a good parent with an effective parenting style. Who the child grows up to be is a direct look at who the parent is. References Maccoby, E. E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1006-1017. Cherry, K. (n. d). About. com – Education- Psychology. Retrieved from http://psychology. about. com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-style. htm How to cite Effective Parenting Styles, Essay examples

Oedipus Crime Essays - Oedipus, Jocasta, Sophocles, Laius

Oedipus Crime Oedipus, ruler of Thebes, murdered his father and married his mother. Such acts are almost always deemed unnatural and criminal; they are not tolerated within traditional society. A person who has committed these illegal acts of murder and incest would be considered a criminal, yet Sophocles's character, Oedipus, is not guilty of either crime. Prior to the birth of Oedipus, a prophecy was spoken over Laius and his wife Jocasta. They were told that their son would one day be his father's killer and would then marry his mother. In fear, King Laius and Queen Jocasta sent the baby Oedipus off with a slave to be killed. He was never killed, but rather was given to a childless king and queen which lovingly raised him. Oedipus was never factually told about his lineage. Later in his life, Oedipus was confronted by several unknown men while traveling. Upon confrontation, Oedipus killed all but one of the men in self defense. Unknowingly, Oedipus had begun to fulfill the prophecy for one of the men had been his birth father, Laius. While still traveling, Oedipus had come to the city of Thebes. There, he saved the city from the wrath of the Sphinx by solving her riddle. Seen as a savior by the citizens of Thebes, Oedipus was made king and subsequently, the husband of Jocasta. Oedipus and his wife-mother ruled together and had four children while never knowing of the true relationship between each other. As the tragedy comes to a close, the truth is revealed to Oedipus concerning his lineage and unnatural actions. Although the truth had been spoken to him about these matters previously, Oedipus had chosen not to believe and understandably so. True revelation comes to Oedipus through the same slave that had been ordered to kill him as a baby. Since Oedipus had no knowledge of his birth parents, he cannot be accused of knowingly fulfilling the prophecy. He had no understanding of Laius as his birth father upon killing him. One might say that Oedipus is then guilty of murder regardless, but if he had killed in self defense, that cannot be true. Likewise, if Oedipus had no understanding of Jocasta as his birth mother, then he cannot be guilty of incest. Neither can he be guilty of defiling Laius's marriage bed, as he did not know that Jocasta was the wife of the man he had murdered. Oedipus cannot be guilty of lying to the people of the city of Thebes since he did not know he was not speaking the truth. Unfortunately, Oedipus was the victim of destiny. The gods caused him to fall prey to fate and injustice. According to the norms of modern Criminal Justice, an individual cannot be guilty of a crime that he did not understandably commit; he cannot be guilty of a crime unless there is evidence of mens rea. A crime is defined as an act act punishable by law; a sin; a grave offense. Oedipus cannot be guilty of an act, sin or grave offense that he did not knowingly commit.

Book Review essays

Book Review essays 1. Name of Book/ Short Story: I Heard The Owl Call My Name 3. A List of 5 Books Written by the same Author: 4. Interesting Facts about the Author Her first book I Heard The Owl Call My Name was written when she was sixty-nine years old. She was born in 1901... and died in 1980. 5.1 Name the main Character/s in the Story. 5.3 Write a paragraph of 20-25 lines on the Main Character Mark is an American vicar... with a terminal illness. He is sent to an island, by a Bishop to find his inner self... and as time passes on the island, he becomes more attached to the people and the actual island. He adapts some of the cultures of the Kwakiutl villagers as his own. When he is told that his work is done... he becomes scared and confused, and would rather stay on the island. He hears the owl call his name, which is a legend, believed by the Kwakiutl villagers, that says that your time of death is soon... meaning that he would soon die. Mark is a kind, helpful and outgoing man... and tries to help the Kwakiutl villagers by teaching them his American culture. They soon adapt to some of the ways, which they find useful to themselves. He was always there when someone needed help or advise... and was always willing to try and solve his or her problems. He is very friendly and soon makes many new friends on the island in the village... even with the old arrogant elders who at first didnt agree with Marks ways... and wanted to keep to the old ways. As time passed he earned more respect from the elders... and they even considered him as one of their own. When he died the village actually mourned his death... and he was always remembered as the man who introduced modern ways. 5.4 Write a paragraph of 20-25 lines on the Character who impressed The character who impressed me the most was definitely Mark!! Just the way that he decided to turn more towards God and start teaching his culture was a rea ...

Trading Places - Liquid Science Magic Trick

Trading Places - Liquid Science Magic Trick Here is a quick and interesting science trick for you.  Take two glasses of different-colored liquids and watch the liquids switch places in the glasses. Magic Trick Materials This science magic trick or demonstration can be performed using many different liquids, such as water and wine, water and oil, or water and whiskey. All you need are two liquids that have different densities. If the liquids dont mix (such as water and oil), you will get a clearly-defined separation. Expect some mixing of water with rubbing alcohol or an alcoholic beverage. You can tint a water or alcohol-based liquid with food coloring. two small identical glasses, such as shot glasseswateroil or wine or whiskey or rubbing alcohol a thin waterproof card, such as a drivers license Perform the Liquid Magic Trick Fill one glass completely full with water.Fill the other glass completely full with the other liquid you selected.Place the card over the water glass. While holding the card onto the glass, flip the water glass over and set it and the card on top of the second glass.Line the glasses up so that they are even and move the card so that there is just a tiny bit of open space at the edge of the glasses.Over the next few minutes (about 10 minutes for shot glasses), the liquids will exchange places. The alcohol or oil will rise to the top while the water sinks and fills the bottom glass. How the Liquid Magic Trick Works Well, obviously not by magic! This is simple science. The two liquids have different densities from each other. Basically, the lighter liquid will float while the heavier liquid will sink. You would see the same result if you had removed the card entirely, except this way is prettier and looks more magical.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 4

Marketing - Essay Example Jurlique has been considered as an example for defining these parameters. It is one of the leading skincare brands of the Australia presently. The organization currently retails a varied range of more than 560 products that include skin care products, perfumes, hair care oils, facials as well as baby creams among others (Jurlique, 2013). Retail format The term, ‘retail format’ refers to the integrated supply chain system which is used by organisations to distribute the products to the ultimate customers. In today’s tumultuous business world, to achieve the desired success, retailers have to be abreast of the latest retail trends to get it imbibed in their retail format. Recognizing this global change, as per the report published by Australian Centre for Retail Studies (ACRC), innovation and compliance with customer needs can be regarded as the key attributes or success factors with respect to retail format where store locations as well as its decor play a vital ro le in persuading customers towards purchase (Australian Centre for Retail Studies, 2007). ... Source: Landini Associates (n.d.) In the current day scenario, market places are shaping as per global trend focusing on the profound changes in the modern retail sector. The locations of the retail stores thus become a vital parameter to attain the attention of the targeted consumers. Notably, when assessing the location strategies of Jurlique, it can be observed that the polices of the organization principally focuses on the types as well as size of the store, merchandising applications, merchandise mix as well as customer service providing methods among others (Jurlique, 2013). Effective segmentation of the product also helps to identify the target market needs and therefore avail the organisation with an opportunity to obtain greater customer loyalty (Mendes & Themido, 2004). In the context, the strategies applied by Jurlique when selecting its retail store locations can be identified to be focused on the traffic flow and accessibility of the outlets which helps to increase the a wareness of the consumers regarding the brand as well as the products. To be specific, Jurlique has been operating its stores in various locations in Australia including the Bondi Beach and many other crowded, metropolitan cities of New South Wales, Glenside and many other shopping hubs in South Australia as well as Melverne East and Melbourne in Victoria among others (Jurlique, 2013). Assessing the economic conditions and geographic potentialities of these stores it can be observed that these areas have deciphered significant growth in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Ai Group Economics and Research Team, 2013). Not only customers, but such

Major Issues of Higher Education in Pakistan Literature review

Major Issues of Higher Education in Pakistan - Literature review Example This paper declares that apart from the problematic educational policies one of the major issues in higher education is gender difference. There is significant inequality among male and female students. Some fields are purely dedicated to females on societal level, for instance, medical profession. Contrary to this engineering and technology departments are usually filled with male students. Education provides many benefits apart from the acquisition of social power and therefore there should not be gender differences. The mind development, critical thinking, management skills and administration are all linked with education. If females are discouraged to enroll in universities then it is hard to expect that Pakistan will progress on national level. This report makes a conclusion that equal opportunity and organizational structures are actually influenced by both the micro and macro social factors. Since women face gender discrimination at the university level therefore they are exposed to similar issues during their stay at organizations which certainly reflects the lower moral values taught at the higher education institutions. Although research activities are increasing in Pakistan but overall there is a huge gap between the demand and supply of professionals who can actually conduct quality research work. Furthermore, the private sector universities are found to be receptive to the real market demands while allowing youth to access better education facilities. However, these facilities are still inadequate as compared to the number of individuals pursuing higher education in the country

industrial revolution Essay -- essays research papers

In the last part of the 18th century, a new revolution gripped the world that we were not ready for (Perry, 510). This revolution was not a political one, but it would lead to many implications later in its existence (Perry, 510). Neither was this a social or Cultural Revolution, but an economic one (Perry, 510). The Industrial revolution, as historians call it, began the modern world. It began the world we live in today and our way of life in that world. It is called a revolution because the changes it made were so great. They were also sudden, although the preparation for these changes took many years. It is called industrial because it had to do with manufacture. â€Å"Manufacture† means the making of every kind of useful article, from cotton cloth to brass pins. The Industrial Revolution changed how the world produced its goods and altered our societies from a mainly agricultural society to one in which industry and manufacturing was in control. The Industrial revolution began in England in the middle of the 18th century (Perry, 511). It was in full swing at the time of the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and England at the time was the most powerful empire on the planet (Perry, 511). So, it was inevitable that the country with the most wealth would be a leader in this revolution. This revolution transformed the entire life of the people and it the habits of workers-the men and women who produced the goods. It brought down prices, so that people were able to ...

Once an Eagle Essay

Leadership is an important characteristic in any field. Early on, it has been recognized that the success of any organization is highly dependent upon the quality of leadership. Even if the organization has a number of talented individuals, without strong leadership, there would be no success. In a similar light, the success of the military depends on strong leadership. It has been said that in the military, leadership is a requisite. As an integral component in warfare, leadership determines the outcome of combat operations, without it, it can be fairly argued that no military operation would be success. As the brain, leaders are expected to have the power of command. The subordinates in the group all rely upon the leader to provide wisdom and guidance, not to mention excellent judgment. It is essential, therefore, that a good leader has the following characteristics such as charisma, confidence, sound judgment, wisdom and intelligence. Military history is filled with individuals who were â€Å"born leaders. † A brief glimpse into the role of monuments and military commanders will reveal a common characteristic, they were all excellent leaders. The civil war gave rise to many superior commanders such as Joshua Chamberlain and John Logan who, despite their lack of military training, were able to lead their troops into combat and inspire many victories. The requisite ability that these fine commanders possessed was the ability to inspire their troops by providing an excellent example. Unlike other leaders, these fine leaders chose to lead through example. They were regarded as the epitomes of self-sacrifice and honor. None of them felt that they were too important to be left out of the battlefield and they were never hesitant to take their place in the frontlines should it be required of them. This aspect is what made them leaders. Another important aspect of leadership that is best exemplified by the actions of General Robert E. Lee who not only won the affection of his troops but also exhibited a talent for disciplined application. While it may not be necessary to have the affection of one’s troops during war, as shown by General Ulysses S. Grant, current military strategies emphasize the importance of a leader who is not only able to provide sound judgment but who is also able to inspire his troops. Charisma combined with the ability to make the best decisions in any given situation would therefore be the essence of excellent leadership. The reason for this is that in achieving one’s goal it is necessary that it be accomplished through motivation, direction and purpose. These essential characteristics have been shown by many of the great Commanders during the Second World War including but not limited to General Douglas McArthur who liberated Australia and the Philippines from Japanese occupation. It is difficult to say which style works the best as it is possible that the combination of charisma and the ability to make the best decisions in any given situation may be exhibit in many different forms of leadership. Leaders may sometimes be directors, participators or even delegators. Yet, it is not so much how the practice their leadership but their ability to get results. The military operations during the first Gulf War gave rise to a new breed of military commanders who were able to obtain results despite the differences in their leadership styles. Commanders such as Norman Schwarzkopf and Collin Powell demonstrated that leadership need not necessarily be overbearing. The important thing is that the commander understands the importance of the situation and is able to use the abilities of the troops, despite the limitations, to achieve the intended results. In any case, it must be remembered that the leadership that these great commanders possessed was not limited to the battlefield. From the very first day that they took command, they showed their leadership and cultivated the necessary traits that they felt was needed in their troops in order to become effective in future tasks.

Anxiety Disorder Symptoms, Family Heredity And Genetics

Anxiety disorder A majority of people know how it feels be anxious but not many people knows what goes through a person’s head when they have a nonstop feeling of anxiousness or running thoughts. Anxiety disorder is quite common and it has been estimated that over one quarter of the general population will experience a real anxiety disorder in their life time. (NIMH) Anxiety disorder is affect by 1 and 5 Americans adults each year. (News in Health) Anxiety is the feeling of being anxious with problems, these the feeling could be temporary. Anxiety can be caused by many things such as trauma and genetics. Sometimes it will stay with you for a short amount of time, or it could return after many years. Anxiety is just another†¦show more content†¦As Kacey was interview her first anxiety attack she realized that she had when she started having to talk to people without her parents. Kacey told me that she would start to get nervous when she had to speak to the doctor, bank telle r, a service clerk, or anyone she did not know, eventually she knew something wasn’t right. Not being able to concentrating on a certain activity but also not being able to fall asleep because your mind is everywhere. Another type of anxiety is what we call stage fright. For example, being called in front of the class or a group of people and being unable to respond or your voice starts to crack or sweaty palms. There are many times when your anxiety can be very bad that you start to break out in a rash because you are so nervous of confrontation. When somebody starts to yell at you or even confront you, you may start crying or even become teary eyed because you can’t handle the fact that a person is talking to you in a loud angry voice. Even though you might think you have these signs it doesn’t necessarily mean you have anxiety you still need to speak with your physician so they can diagnose you. Throughout my paper, we will discuss different types of anxie ty. The most common is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), it affects five percent of Americans at some point in their lives, GAD usually affects women. Depression and substance abuse can trigger your anxiety. Another most common disorder isShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse And Bipolar Disorder1301 Words   |  6 Pages Separately, substance abuse and bipolar disorder are two very serious conditions, and both have been proven to be caused in part by heredity. Shockingly, co-occurrence of both disorders in a single person is a very common combination, and it can be very dangerous. People who have both bipolar disorder and an addiction are understood to have a â€Å"dual-diagnosis† or â€Å"genetic overlap†. Often, each condition can worsen the symptoms of the other; having both problems increases the risk of mood swingsRead MoreAnxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders1224 Words   |  5 PagesAnxiety is defined as a persistent fear that occurs in the absence of a th reat. Anxiety and fear are typical human reactions that can be exaggerated. When an individual’s anxiety interferes with their everyday life, it is then referred to as an anxiety disorder. There are five classes of anxiety disorder, which include: generalized anxiety disorder, phobic anxiety disorder, panic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. There is not a specific cause to anxietyRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Effects1175 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar disorder affects roughly 2.3 million adults, age eighteen and over per year. (â€Å"Bipolar Disorder† 2) Generally seventy-five percent have a minimum of one kin relative with manic-depression or severe depression (â€Å"Possible Causes of Bipolar Disorder† 2). Both male and female can attain bipolar disorder. Some youth may get bipolar disorder; however, most cases usually strike young adults in their early 20s. Bipolar disorder is generally common among those who hav e family with this disorder thanRead MorePanic Disorders And Its Effects On The Social Life789 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract: Panic disorder is an abnormal condition which badly affects the social life, working life and family of patients. It is also termed as a mental disease which includes the mood disorders and mostly depression. Females is most susceptible to panic disorders than the male and it is almost double or more than that. The symptoms of panic a disorder mainly includes a disconnected period of severe fear or discomfort, simultaneously the other symptoms are as follows also seen during the attacksRead MoreEssay On Non Infectious Diseases927 Words   |  4 PagesHuman non-infectious diseases: Genetic mutations/disorders Color blindness: this X chromosome mutation is inherited and not considered to be communicable. However, more males are affected by this condition than females given the chromosome makeup of the sexes (XX/XY). Females have a greater probability of not becoming color blind since they would require two mutations of their X chromosomes. Down syndrome: or any chromosome 21 mutation (more, less) are also inherited and cannot be spreadRead MoreGenetic Counseling : A New Field Emerging From An Intersection Between Genetics, Medicine, And Psychology1249 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic counseling is a new field emerging from an intersection between genetics, medicine, and psychology. As with most counseling, genetic counseling is a process of communication intended to help individuals and their families. However, for genetic counselors, they must also be able to comprehend medical information, including the management for various disorders. These individuals must also have an in-depth understanding of how heredity contributes to the risk and occurrence of disorders. TheyRead MoreAre Mental Disorders Biological Or Environmental?1410 Words   |  6 PagesAre mental disorders biological or environmental? For years the nurture versus nature debate has been argued by people around the world. Mental disorders are one of the main topics discussed among these people. Mental disorders apply to many mental health conditions that can affect someone’s emotions, logic, and attitude. According to The Kim Foundation, 26.2 percent of Americans who are 18 or older suffer from a mental disorder. The reason for the development of mental disorders is still unknownRead MoreSchizophreni A Psychological Condition That Causes Delusions Or Hallucinations?887 Words   |  4 Pagesdifficult for those who have the disorder to discern between reality and the imaginations (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These fictitious experiences are often frightening situations where the victim cannot properly respond if the danger were reality because he/she believes everything is reality, even events that are produced by the imagination. â€Å"Emil Kraepelin, who coined the term schizophrenia ( literally â€Å"split mind†) in the 1890s, viewed the disorder as a split from reality, not a splitRead MoreSocial Phobia And Social Anxiety Disorder Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Phobia, also called social anxiety disorder (SAD), is one of the most common, but misconstrued mental health problems in society. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), over 15 million adults suffer from the disorder. First appearing in the DSM-III as Social Phobia, and later in the DSM-IV as Social Anxiety Disorder, this newly established disorder denotes afflicting stress and anxiety associated with social situations (Zakri 677). According to James W. JeffersonRead MorePersonality Disorders Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesPsychologists have identified ten different types of personality disorders and categorized into three different clusters. In the beginning, the diagnostic testing for schizotypal was not very reliable, because the symptoms ranged from mild to severe, and would vary to the severity of the symptoms. Due to research, psychologists have discovered the various causes that trigger this disorder. With the new age, there has been some new advancement made toward helping and treating patients with schizotypal

The Factors Of Media, Body Satisfaction, And Gender On...

The factors of media, body satisfaction, and gender on weight biases Crista Benton University of Tampa INTRO The stigma against obese indivuduals is now global. It happens at the playground, during job interviews, while applying for graduate school, in court and even at the doctors office. (1-5) There are already well documented differences between weight bias and gender. Aruguete, Yates and Edman found that women tend to internalize their anti fat attitudes, meaning they value thinness within themselves more than others. They become fearful of gaining weight, and tend to have a stronger desire than men to lose weight. Aruguete s sample of women had desires 3 times higher to lose weight than the men. Due to the internalization, women tend to be more dissatisfied with their body and are more likely to engage in risky dietary behaviors. Interalizing antifat attitudes is not related to the dislike of obease individuals. Men externalize their anti-fat attitudes; even overweight men are more likely than women to have a bias against overweight individuals. â€Å" Men value thiness in other people more than they do in themselves. â€Å" A previous study shows that watching 40 minutes of The Biggest Loser increases weight bias. The contestants on the program showed deciation and hard work which contributed to the idea the weight is contorollable which leads to a higher fat bias. When they measured the fat biases, they found that overweight participants displayed aShow MoreRelatedThere is a stigma in our society about obesity in our culture. This issue has increased over the3100 Words   |  13 Pagesreport feelings of obesity mostly as a strong automatic preference for thin people compared to fat people. This stigma is influenced by several different factors, including gender, the media, and attitudes about ones own body. Attitudes toward obesity are different among genders. In a study completed by Aruguete, Yates, and Edman, they found that body dissatisfaction was greater among women than men. They found that women indicated more food limitations than men including dieting more, because of theirRead MoreSocio-Demographic Profile and Problems Encountered by the Heads of Lupong Tagapamayapa in the Municipality of Bayambang6072 Words   |  25 Pagestraits, performance, attributes and individuality they manifest, when recognized and harnessed, can promote peace and reconciliation at the local level where they build consensus through dialogue which promote trust among the members of the governing body and the community. The central feature of the system is the Lupong Tagapamayapa, a community-based conflict resolution effort that is highly supportive of the notions of social ordering and human development. While the speedy administration of justiceRead MoreResearch Report on Impact of Time Management11320 Words   |  46 Pagesthe public to focus on either police processes or outcomes. The person answering this question could in good conscience choose both, neither or perhaps something else entirely. And without additional information, we are unable to determine how much weight the survey respondent gives to specific aspects of police performance. Such questions are like those that ask the public to indicate whether they approve of the job that the president of the United States is doing – without specifying any particularRead MoreAppearance Discrimination in Employment22039 Words   |  89 Pagesâ€Å"beautiful†. Originality/value  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This is an original and comprehensive paper by the authors. 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The Two Families That I Chose For This Assignment

The two families that I chose for this assignment are the Poteats’ and the Reitans’ because they each embody a different type of sense making. There are three different types of sense-making, there is the family-unit sense-making which I will explain in detail later, there is the Individual sense-making which I will also explain further in detail later, and there is the incomplete sense-making. Incomplete sense making by definition is when no clear understanding emerges at either the family or individual level, it characterizes in one or more members not being engaged in story-telling, active participants attempt to seek out other’s perspectives, but often do not succeed, less development of explanations or interpretation of experiences and lastly minimal participation by one or more members means less turn-taking. 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Simulation of Personal Emotion Experience Free Essays

string(90) " feeling of happiness or of resentment, depending on the relationship between the agents\." Reeves NAS (1996) showed that humans like to communicate with computers as they do with people. Software applications which include models of emotional processes are needed to model the social and emotional aspects of human-machine interaction. Extending classic AAA and logic by adding simulated emotions can be useful to improve the user’s experience in many ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Simulation of Personal Emotion Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now This chapter will provide a brief overview of existing solutions and models used for artificial emotions (AWE) and present a novel model of emotion simulation (SIMPLEX). Empirical data will be reported on its performance, especially the occurrence of emotions, in a game environment. This chapter concludes with a comment on the usefulness of separating AAA and AWE engendering recent advances in cognitive neuroscience. 2. Models for artificial emotions 2. 1 Historical roots The ass saw what might have been the first debate about emotions and artificial intelligence. The main and – as we know now – most important point was that purely cognitive systems lacked emotions, which strongly influence human thought processes.. Two of the models that emerged at that time will be described here. Simony’s interrupt system Herbert Simon was the first to propose that emotions should be part of a model of cognitive processes (Simon, 1967). His intention was to provide a theoretical inundation for a system incorporating emotions and multiple goals. Within this system, important processes could be interrupted so that more attention went into satisfying important needs (e. G. Hunger, safety). Herbert Simon imagined two parallel systems, one designed to achieve goals (cognition, planning) and one observing the environment for events that require immediate attention (emotions). Indeed, the possibility of interrupting current cognitive processes is 2 Name of the book (Header position 1,5) vital for survival, as it makes it possible to react to threats, but also to pay more attention to one’s surroundings when a threat is expected. Today’s Fungus Eater Another step towards a theory for the computer modeling of emotions was made by the psychologist Mason Toad (Toad, 1982) between 1961 and 1980, with a model called the Fungus Eater. This model resulted in the design of an autonomous robot system and partial implementations. At first, Toad only wanted to create a scenario for a cognitive system that would require concentrating on multiple issues at the same time. In this scenario, the task was collecting as much ore as possible with the help of a mining robot. Operating his robot required energy that could only be gained by collecting a special fungus. Additionally, different Fungus Eaters were competing for the same resources, thus making the scenario more complicated. Toad came to the conclusion that in order to survive on their own, these Fungus Eaters would need to have emotions and to be partially controlled by them. However, Toad named them â€Å"urges† instead of emotions and on closer examination, it is apparent that some of these are actual emotions like joy or anger, while others are needs, goals or motives (e. G. Hunger). 2. 2 Theoretical approach and recent models There are roughly three areas where emotion models are applied. Artificial emotions (AWE) can be used to improve problem-solving in complex environments, as in the early approaches mentioned above. Emotion models can also be used to test psychological emotion theories in experiments using controlled scenarios. Finally, emotions are essential to make computer characters more believable. Emotion models which synthesize and express emotions are necessary to make AAA characters more human- like. These models will be the focus of the next sections as they have inspired our own emotional model. The most influential theoretical approach, COCO, will be presented in detail, as it is the basis of many computational models of emotion. Then, three interesting recent models are briefly described. COCO – a theoretical approach to simulate emotions The COCO model by Retort, Color and Collins is an emotion theory based on appraisal which was explicitly developed to offer a foundation for artificial emotion systems (Retort, Color, Collins, 1988). Its authors succeeded as it inspired many modern models and approaches to artificial emotions. The basis of the model is that emotions are reactions to the attributes of objects, to vents or to actions. Note that internal events (like bodily sensations or memories) which are a part of most modern emotion theories are neglected in the COCO approach. Objects, events and actions are evaluated in an appraisal process based on specific criteria, and result in multiple emotions of different intensities. Figure 1 gives an overview of the COCO approach. Appraising the aspects of objects requires the agent to have attitudes (tastes or preferences) in order to decide whether the object is appealing or not. This appraisal process results in either love or hate. Chapter Title (Header position 1,5) 3 Fig. 1. The COCO model Events, or rather consequences of events, are appraised by analyzing their impact on the agent’s goals. This determines the desirability of events. The degree of desirability depends on how much closer to or further away from achieving the goal the agent will be after the event. The emotions of Joy and distress are direct results of desirable and undesirable events, considering the consequences they have for the agent himself. Some emotions, like for example pity, are triggered when processing events that have consequences for other agents. An open issue is whether this appraisal should be based upon the agent’s own goals or rather the other agent’s goals. How much should an agent be empathic if another one looses something that is not important to the first agent? In an attempt to solve this issue, abstract goals were introduced (such as for example, not losing property). It eventually became clear that it is very important to keep the goals general and abstract, to avoid having to define too many specific goals. The emotions triggered by reacting to other agents’ good or bad fortune depend on how well-liked they are. Another agent’s bad fortune can trigger pity or gloating, while happy events can result in either feeling of happiness or of resentment, depending on the relationship between the agents. You read "Simulation of Personal Emotion Experience" in category "Papers" Appraising an event also means evaluating its prospects – hoping or fearing that something will or will not occur. Prospect-based emotions include disappointment and relief. The intensity of these emotions is usually based on the intensity of the preceding hope or fear. The criterion used to appraise the actions of agents is their praiseworthiness, which is based on the agent’s standards. Generally, praiseworthy actions cause pride and blameworthy actions cause shame, if the agent himself is the one acting. When the actions of other agents are 4 appraised, the emotions triggered are admiration or reproach. Standards can be as complex as attitudes (aspects of objects) and goals (consequences of events), and are almost as subjective and individual. Again, the problem of listing them was solved by describing actions in an abstract way. An interesting phenomenon is the ability of feeling proud or ashamed of someone else’s actions. Simply put, the closer an agent feels related to the acting agent(s), the more he will identify with him in appraising is actions. Examples of this phenomenon (called the strength of the cognitive unit) can range from parents being proud of their child to soccer fans being ashamed of their team’s performance. One of the many practical implementations of COCO is the model by Stapler PETA (1999). They constructed a virtual agent which emotion architecture links discrete emotions categories to 14 action response categories, comprising a large range of individual actions. The COCO emotion model is also partly congruent with Nice Fried’s renewed theory of emotions (Afraid, 1986). For more details on emotion theory, see Trace Kessler (2003). Artificial Emotion Engine The aim of the Emotion Engine (E) is to control the behavior of an artificial agent in complex scenarios. It is made of three layers- emotions, mood and personality (Wilson, 2000). If an emotion is triggered, the actions will be based on this emotion. When emotions are not triggered, the engine bases its actions on the current mood; when no mood is activated, then personality serves as a basis for behavior. The emotion engine is based on the FEE model, which is a three-dimensional space, describing personality traits in terms of Extroversion, Fear and Aggression. Within this space, an area around the point representing an artificial agent’s personality is determined and all traits located inside this area are considered to be available to the specific character. For Wilson, the FEE is congruent with the three central systems of the human brain which according to Gray (Gray McLaughlin, 1996) determine behavior: the Approach system, the Behavior Inhibition system and the Fight/Flight system. These three basic dimensions are intuitive, which makes programming easy. Different personalities trigger some moods more frequently than others: extroversion s linked to good moods, and fear to negative moods. Aggression affects the speed of mood changes. Reward and punishment signals work as the main inputs, and this is comparable with the desirability of events in COCO. Inputs are adjusted based on personality, but also on how often this input occurred before. An agent can get used to a certain input, and this lowers the impact it will eventually have (habituation). On the contrary, a rare or unprecedented input will have more effect (novelty). Needs are organized hierarchically. Physiological needs, such as hunger, thirst, and the need for warmth and energy are the most important. Each of these needs can become a priority, as when for example a very hungry agent will consider eating as his most important goal. Safety, affiliation and esteem needs are the remaining layers. While physiological needs are the most important, the order of the other layers can vary, depending on what is more important to the agent. Memory is very limited; an agent only remembers how much he likes the other agents. In the same way, in COCO, sympathy is used to cause different emotions for liked and disliked entities. Only the six basic emotions of fear, anger, Joy, sadness, disgust and surprise can be triggered. This might appear like a limited selection compared to the 24 emotions of COCO, but given the reactive nature of emotions in this model (working without inner events and 5 triggers) and since some emotion theorists consider the broad spectrum of emotions as mixtures of these basic emotions, this is quite a sensible choice. Personality is used to adjust the intensity or the frequency of the occurrence of emotions, so that a character with personality that is â€Å"low in Fear† will simply not experience as much fear as others. FLAME The Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Model of Emotion (FLAME) is partially based on COCO, but hat differentiates FLAME from other models is the use of fuzzy logic. This results in a relatively simple appraisal process. FLAME can integrate multiple emotions at the same time (in a process called emotional filtering), as emotions at times inhibit one another. For example, imagine an agent feeling Joy and pride because he Just obtained a new position, but who at the same time feels anger, because a relative of the boss of the company was given a higher position than himself. At this point, his anger may prevent him from feeling joy any longer. When opposite emotions occur, FLAME lets the stronger emotion inhibit the weaker one(s), giving a slightly stronger weight to negative emotions. Another way to handle conflicting emotions is through mood, which is determined by comparing the intensities of positive and negative emotions over the last few steps. If the summed up intensities of positive emotions are higher than that of the negative emotions, then the mood will be positive. If a positive and a negative emotion of comparable intensities occur at the same time, the mood determines which of these emotions will inhibit the other one. As there is little research about the decay of emotions, FLAME uses a simple constant cay, though positive emotions decay faster than negative emotions. FLAME does not make it possible to implement an agent’s personality; instead, differences in behavior are created through learning. For example, an agent may learn that reacting in an angry way will enable him to reach his goals, thus enticing him to be more choleric. FLAME implements multiple types of learning, such as classical conditioning (associating expectations with objects) which occurs in many situations, triggering fear or hope. Another type of learning is learning about consequences of actions or events. This is simple whenever an action directly causes a result. For example, learning that eating will result in feeling less hungry is rather trivial. In the case of more complex causal relations over time, FLAME is using Q-learning, a form of reinforcement learning. Another form of learning, quite similar to model learning, is the ability to recognize patterns in the behavior of a user by observing sequences of actions. For this type of learning, FLAME simply counts the occurrences of sequences. The last type of learning in FLAME, but one of the most important, is learning about the value of actions. Remember that COCO relies on the praiseworthiness of actions, which is based on the agent’s standards. In FLAME, these standards are not predefined knowledge, but they are learned from the interaction between users. Using learning instead of predefined knowledge seems like a very sensible way to avoid most of the troubling issues that come with using COCO. Additionally, learning allows agents to adjust, which makes them all the more believable. ALMA The intention in designing A Layered Model of Affect (ALMA) was to control agents in conversational scenarios. In interactive game or learning environments, the artificial harassers display facial expressions of emotions and moods through their postures to 6 appear more believable. Emotions, moods and personalities are implemented and interact with each other. Events and actions are described in terms of abstract tags which are then evaluated during the appraisal process and describe things like for example the expressed emotion or gesture accompanying an action or simply if something is a good or bad event. As ALMA is aimed at conversations, an action is often a statement. Hence, there are tags to describe the kind of statement, for example if it was an insult or a compliment. In addition, ALMA requires defining personality profiles for each agent. Essentially, these profiles already contain the desirability and praiseworthiness the agent assigns to certain tags. Since our own emotion model shares some features with ALMA (see below) a key difference should be pointed out. In SIMPLEX we considered it impractical to explicitly specify this information, as this would have limited the model to a small number of agents. So instead of using tags, our model requires to specify goals and their priorities for an agent, where generic goals can be used for all agents. Events still need to be scribed in a special way, but this is reduced too relatively objective list of which agents goals are affected and in which way. All other information like praiseworthiness is automatically derived from this and the agent’s personality. Although this approach is providing less control over an agent’s appraisal process, it is better suited for a generic system meant to be used with minimal extra effort. 3. SIMPLEX – Simulation of Personal Emotion Experience 3. Overview SIMPLEX is a context-independent module to create emotions as a result of primary application (environment) events. Goals, emotions, mood-states, personality, memory and relationships between agents have been modeled so they could interact as in real life. Figure 2 shows an overview of the model. SIMPLEX is based on the COCO model by Retort, Color and Collins (1988) in that it creates discrete emotions by appraising events based on the desirability of their consequences and the praiseworthiness of the actions of agents. The appraisal process was modified by including the personality of virtual agents. The personality component is based on the Five Factor Model (FM) introduced by psychologists McCrae Costa (1987), which includes extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neurotics and openness. The personality module influences the emotion module on multiple levels during appraisal processes and in the development of mood-states. Other important aspects of the model are mood-states and relationships. Mood- states are represented in a three-dimensional space which dimensions are pleasure, arousal and dominance (Bradley Lang, 1994), and they are based on active or recently experienced emotions (implemented by pull-functions). In the absence of motions, a mood state will slowly gravitate back to a default mood-state based on the agent’s personality. A mood-state also functions as a threshold to determine whether an emotion is strong enough to become active at a given time. Relationships are handled as if they were mood-states towards other agents (for instance a player in a game scenario): they are based on emotions caused by other agents and they can be considered as a simplified way to store memories of experiences with these agents. They are used as thresholds as well; for example, an agent will be more likely to become angry at another agent towards when their legislation is in the range of negative valence. 7 Fig. 2. The emotion module SIMPLEX Personality (long-term), mood-state (mid-term) and emotions (short-term) thus represent three levels of the emotion module that interact with each other in order to create believable agents. Events from the scenario serve as the model’s inputs. They are appraised according to the COCO algorithm (see figure 1). This appraisal is influenced by the agent’s goals, his personality and his relationships with other agents. At the end of an appraisal one or several discrete emotions are generated. These emotions and the current mood-state are represented in the same three- dimensional PAD space: on the one hand, the emotion(s) serve(s) as an attractor for the recent mood-state position (pull function). On the other hand, the closer an emotion is located to the current mood-state, the more probable it will be that the emotion will be activated. The speed at which the mood-state changes, is influenced by the agent’s neurotics (a personality variable). Additionally, emotions that are caused by other agents will influence another mood-state representation (stored on another PAD space) representing the relationship with that agent. Thus, every agent has specific relationships with other agents, which influences his behavior towards others. Emotions, mood-states and relationships with other agents are the outputs of the model and can be used by the AAA application. Originally, the PAD space was designed to represent emotions in a dimensional rather than a discrete way (Russell, 1978). In our model, PAD is used as a common space where three different constructs (discrete COCO emotions, continuous mood- states and personality), are represented in order to be handled together by the SIMPLEX algorithm. An agent’s current mood-state is thus the result of a mathematical function which takes into account the default mood (defined by personality), the pulling behavior of COCO emotion(s) triggered by appraisals, and weighed factors influencing movement speed (see equation 1). Mood-state = f(PADDED, Paternosters, Filter) 8 3. 2 Basic components Mood-state represented in the PAD-Space (Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance) Beyond discrete emotions, which are typically short-term, mood-states are a powerful way to model emotional shifts and explain affective influences over longer periods of time. To implement mood-states in our model, we chose to use Russell three-dimensional space to describe emotions (Russell, 1978) and Meridian’s concept of how emotions are linked to personality traits (Meridian, 1996). The dimension of Pleasure encompasses valence ranging from very positive to very negative. Arousal is an indicator of how intensely something is perceived, or of how much it affects the organism. Dominance is a measure of experienced control over the situation. For example, a different degree of dominance can make the difference between fear and anger. Both of these emotions are states of negative valence and sigh arousal, but not feeling in control is what differentiates fear from anger. When an agent is angry, it is because he believes he can have a potential influence. Although emotions are triggered by COCO appraisals and are therefore discrete, they are handled in a continuous three-dimensional space by SIMPLEX. The advantage of treating emotions in this way and not Just as a fixed set of possible emotions is that it makes it possible to represent emotions that do not even have a name. It also creates the possibility to combine emotions, mood-state and personality in one space. First, a ordinate in PAD space can obviously represent an agent’s mood-state. But emotions and personalities can also be described in terms of Pleasure, Arousal and Dominance values. For example, the value of arousal can be not only the degree of arousal associated with a specific emotion, but also the restorability of a person. Meridian (1996) gives specific names to the resulting different octants in PAD-space and describes the diagonally opposite octants as Exuberant/Bored, Dependent/ Disdainful, Relaxed/Anxious, Docile/Hostile. Thus mood-states are not points but octants of the Bedspread. However, positioning a personality (based on FM) within a PAD-space could have been a rather difficult task, since there is no mathematically- correct way to make the conversion. Luckily, this transformation can be based upon empirical data. Meridian provided such a conversion table from FM to PAD after correlation analyses of questionnaires measuring both constructs in healthy subjects (Meridian, 1996). Five Factor Model of Personality (FM) The implementation of personality is a key factor when creating believable agents that differ from each other. COCO already offers a few possibilities: different goals, tankards and attitudes automatically result in differences during the appraisal process. However, since personality goes beyond preferences, it was necessary to find a model of personality that made it possible to adjust the appraisal process, to shift the agent’s perception and to influence mood-states. The model chosen for SIMPLEX was the Five Factor Model (McCrae Costa, 1987). After years of research, an agreement emerged that five groups of traits are sufficient to describe a personality. Using self-report questionnaires with multiple items, a personality profile can be provided for each individual scoring high or low in each of he five factors (this approach is called â€Å"dimensional†). In the case of our model, the value for each factor can be typed in when defining the artificial agent. 9 Agreeableness refers to a tendency to cooperate and to compromise, in order to interact with others in an agreeable way. High agreeableness often means having a positive outlook on human nature, assuming people to be good rather than bad. Low agreeableness is essentially selfishness, putting your own needs above the needs of others and not caring about the consequences your actions might have for others. Conscientiousness is usually high in people who plan a lot, who think everything through, and who are very tidy or achievers. Extreme cases can appear to be compulsive or pedantic. The opposite personality trait includes sloppiness or ignoring one’s duties. Extroversion can be a measure of how much people experience positive emotions. An enthusiastic and active person that enjoys company and attention is extroverted, while a quiet individual who needs to spend more time alone is introverted. Neurotics is partly an opposite of Extroversion in being a tendency to experience negative emotions. However, being neurotic also means being more sensitive in general, and reacting emotionally to unimportant events that wouldn’t usually trigger a response. Neurotics can be prone to mood swings and tend to be more negative in their interpretation of situations. Low neurotics means high emotional stability and describes calm people who are not easily upset. Finally, those scoring high on Openness to Experience are creative and curious individuals, interested in art and more in touch with their own emotions than others. Those scoring low on that dimension are conservative persons with few interests, hey prefer straight and simple things rather than fancy ones, and they do not care about art or science. It is suspected that Openness can be influenced by education. 3. 3 Technical implementation The appraisal process and the generation of emotions There are three categories of inputs to the appraisal process of the emotion model: consequences of events, actions of agents and objects (see the COCO model in figure 1). The following section will describe the respective mechanisms applied when mapping each type of input to emotions. Each event handled by a character is first adjusted according to the agent’s rationality. First, the consequences are adjusted based on the agent’s neurotics. As neurotic people tend to see things more negatively, consequences are rated worse than what they actually are. The factor by which neurotics can reduce the desirability of events is adjustable. Note that all personality traits are in the range [-1; 1], so that negative neurotics actually makes consequences more positive. In real life, positive people could think â€Å"it could have been worse†. The desirability of events is determined by (predefined) goals during the event appraisal. A goal consists of two aspects: relevance [O; 1] and state of realization [O; 1], which means to which percentage the goal is already achieved. Afterwards, the praiseworthiness of actions is determined. Basically, the more positive consequences an action has, the more praiseworthy it is considered to be. Sympathy plays a role in this process, as it is added to positive values and subtracted from negative ones. Consequences for self are considered to be more important than consequences for others, which are currently factored in at 50% of their value. 0 After the adjusted values for all consequences have been summed up, unconsciousness is used to obtain the final result, by being scaled and subtracted. Thus the more conscientious an agent is, the harder it will be to commit an action positive enough to be deemed praiseworthy. This applies to both actions of other agents and actions of the agent himself. Agreeableness works the opposite way, but only for the actions of others. This is based on the psychological notion that agreeable people tend to be more forgiving in order to get along with others. Apart from having a different weight, factoring in agreeableness has the same results as active conscientiousness. The remaining factors serving as parameters for the action (responsibility, unexpectedness, publicizes) are averaged and used to scale the result of the above calculations. Finally, as cost is attempted to be derived from consequences for self, it is subtracted, before the calculated praiseworthiness is averaged over the number of consequences or rather the number of affected agents. The resulting value of praiseworthiness is used as the intensity for admiration or reproach, depending on whether it is positive or negative. If the agent is appraising his own actions, the motions are pride or shame instead of admiration and reproach. Once the praiseworthiness has been calculated, a search is conducted through the list of prospects for all the ones that are active and that match the name of the event. For each, the prospect appraisal function is called, which determines the net desirability by multiplying it with the affected goal’s relevance. This value will be compared to the expected desirability for this event. The simplest situation is when a positive consequence was expected but a negative one occurs. This would obviously cause disappointment. However, this is also the case if a very high desirability was hoped for and the actual consequences are less positive, but still not negative. Having a hope fulfilled results in satisfaction. If an event has exactly the expected consequences, it results in the full intensity for the emotion. The intensity of emotions is the product of the determined quality of the event and of the intensity of the prospects. For example, if there was very little hope, there cannot be strong satisfaction. Which emotion is created depends on the kind of prospect and on the sign of the quality value. Hope and positive quality result in satisfaction, hope and negative quality in disappointment, fear and positive quality in fears-confirmed and fear and negative quality in relief. After the prospect appraisal is done, short term or one-shot prospects (only valid for one round) are removed. Appraisal concerning Joy and distress is done for each consequence affecting the agent himself, while appraisal for pity/gloating and happy-for/resentment is done for the remaining consequences. How to cite Simulation of Personal Emotion Experience, Papers